(1) Drafts shall be safely slung before being hoisted. Loose
dunnage or debris hanging or protruding from loads shall be removed.
(2) Bales of cotton, wool, cork, wood pulp, gunny bags, or similar
articles shall be hoisted only by straps strong enough to support
the weight of the bale. At least two hooks, each in a separate
strap, shall be used.
(3) Unitized loads bound by bands or straps shall only be hoisted
by the banding or strapping if the banding or strapping is suitable
for hoisting and is strong enough to support the weight of the
load.
(4) Additional means of hoisting shall be employed to ensure
safe lifting of unitized loads having damaged banding or strapping.
(5) Case hooks shall be used only with cases designed to be hoisted
by these hooks.
(6) Loads requiring continuous manual guidance during handling
shall be guided by guide ropes (tag lines) that are long enough
to control the load.
(7) Intermodal containers shall be handled in accordance with
WAC 296-56-60103.
(8) The employer shall require employees to stay clear of the
area beneath overhead drafts or descending lifting gear.
(9) Employees shall not be permitted to ride the hook or the
load.
(10) Cargo handling bridles, such as pallet bridles, which are
to remain attached to the hoisting gear while hoisting successive
drafts, shall be attached by shackles, or other positive means
shall be taken to prevent them from becoming accidentally disengaged
from the cargo hook.
(11) Drafts of lumber, pipe, dunnage and other pieces, the top
layer of which is not bound by the sling, shall be slung in such
a manner as to prevent sliders. Double slings shall be used on
unstrapped dunnage, except, when due to the size of hatch or deep
tank openings, it is impractical to use them.
(12) Hand loaded buckets, tubs, bins and baskets used in handling
bulk cargo shall not be loaded above their rim.
(1) In order to provide safe access for handling lines while
mooring and unmooring vessels, cargo or material shall not be
stowed or vehicles placed where they obstruct the work surface.
(2) When stringpiece or apron width is insufficient for safe
footing, grab lines on rails shall be installed on the sides of
permanent structures. (“Stringpiece” means a narrow
walkway between the water edge of a berth and a shed or other
structure.)
(3) Areas around bitts or cleats where workers perform their
duties as line handlers shall be lighted as required by this chapter.
There shall be a nonslip surface around each bitt or cleat.
(4) Walkways on which mooring hawsers must be moved may have
the handrail omitted on the line handling side provided a six
inch by six inch toeboard is installed.
WAC 296-56-60019 through 296-56-60041 apply to standard gauge
railroad operations.
(1) Work shall be performed in railcars only if floors of the
railcars are in visibly safe condition for the work activity being
conducted and the equipment being used.
(2) A route shall be established to allow employees to pass to
and from places of employment without passing under, over or through
railcars, or between cars less than ten feet (3 m) apart on the
same track.
(3) The employer shall direct that no employees remain in railcars
after work is concluded. No employee shall remain in a railcar
after work is concluded.
(4) Railcars shall be chocked or otherwise prevented from moving:
(a) While dockboards or carplates are in position; or
(b) While employees are working within, on or under the railcars
or near the tracks at the ends of the cars.
(5) When employees are working in, on, or under a railcar, positive
means shall be taken to protect them from exposure to impact from
moving railcars.
(6) Work being carried on, in, or under cars which subjects employees
to the hazard of moving railroad equipment shall be protected
by flags and derails set a minimum of fifty feet from one or both
ends of the worksite. Where the spur track switch is less than
fifty feet from the work location, the switch padlocked in the
open position may take the place of the derail. The blue flag
shall be placed at that point.
(7) Before cars are moved, unsecured and over-hanging stakes,
wire straps, banding, and similar objects shall be removed or
placed so as not to create hazards.
(8) The employer shall institute all necessary controls during
railcar movement to safeguard personnel. If winches or capstans
are employed for movement, employees shall stand clear of the
hauling rope and shall not stand between the rope and the cars.
(9) Before being opened fully, doors shall be opened slightly
to ensure that the load has not shifted during transit. Special
precautions shall be taken if the doors being opened are visibly
damaged.
(10) If power industrial trucks are used to open freight car
doors, the trucks or the railcar doors shall be equipped with
door opening attachments. Employees shall stand clear of the railcar
doors while they are being opened and closed.
(11) Only railcar door openers or power trucks equipped with
door opening attachments shall be used to open jammed doors.
(12) Employees shall not remain in or on gondolas or flat cars
when drafts that create overhead, caught-in, caught-between or
struck-by hazards are being landed in or on the railcar. End gates,
if raised, shall be secured.
(13) Operators of railcar dumps shall have an unrestricted view
of dumping operations and shall have emergency means of stopping
movement.
(14) Recessed railroad switches shall be enclosed to provide
a level surface.
(15) Warning signs shall be posted where doorways open onto tracks,
at blind corners and at similar places where vision may be restricted.
(16) Warning signs shall be posted if insufficient clearance
for personnel exists between railcars and structures.
A blue flag, bright colored flag or blue light shall be displayed
at one or both ends of an engine, car or train to indicate that
workers are under or about the railway equipment. When such warning
devices are displayed, the equipment shall not be coupled to or
moved. On a dead end spur, a blue light or flag may be displayed
adjacent to the switch opening while cars are being loaded or
unloaded.
A clearly audible warning system shall be employed when cars
are being moved in areas where workers may be in the vicinity
of the tracks. When the audible warning signal might not be heard
above the surrounding noises, a person shall be delegated and
stationed close enough to the track crew to warn them, by contact,
of the oncoming equipment.
When persons are required to work between railway cars, underneath
railway cars or in areas where switching is done, there shall
be a person charged with the responsibility to warn of an approaching
switch of the railway car or cars, unless other reasonable and
practical safeguards are provided.
An audible whistle, horn or bell shall be sounded by the locomotive
engineer to give adequate warning prior to switching across any
road crossing. Whenever cars are pushed with a locomotive, a signalman
shall be located at the crossing to give signals in conjunction
with other warnings by the engineer.
Whenever workers are required to move cargo into or out of a
railway car, a railway car plate shall be used which shall meet
the following specifications:
(1) All car plates shall be strong enough to carry maximum loads
with a safety factor of three.
(2) All car plates shall be provided with positive stops to prevent
shifting of plates. One set of these stops shall be adjustable
to allow for different spaces between car door and platform.
(3) Car plates shall be so shaped that edges will always bear
on the floor of car and platform to prevent “teetering”
or rocking.
(4) All car plates shall have skid resistant surfaces.
(5) All car plates shall be provided with toe or guard plates
at the sides with a minimum height of four inches.
(6) All car plates must bear no less than six inches back from
edge of platform.
(7) Maximum capacity of car plates shall be marked in a conspicuous
place.
(8) Car plates shall be provided with an appropriate fixture
to enable the plates to be lifted and moved by fork trucks.
(1) Portable and powered dockboards shall be strong enough to
carry the load imposed.
(2) Portable dockboards shall be secured in position, either
by being anchored or equipped with devices which will prevent
slipping.
(3) Powered dockboards shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with commercial standards CS202-56 (1956) Industrial Lifts and
Hinged Loading Ramps published by the United States Department
of Commerce.
(4) Handholds or other effective means, shall be provided on
portable dockboards to permit safe handling.
(5) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad
cars from being moved while dockboards or bridge plates are in
position.
(1) The employer shall ensure that structures (bunks) used to
contain logs have rounded corners and rounded structural parts
to avoid sling damage.
(2) Two or more binders or equivalently safe means of containment
shall remain on logging trucks and railcars to secure logs during
movement of the truck or car within the terminal. During unloading,
logs shall be prevented from moving while binders are being removed.
(3) Logs shall be hoisted by two slings or by other gear designed
for safe hoisting.
(4) Logs placed adjacent to vehicle curbs on the dock shall not
be over one tier high unless placed in bunks or so stacked as
not to roll or otherwise creating a hazard to employees.
(5) Before logs are slung up from the dock, they shall be stably
supported to prevent spreading and to allow passage of slings
beneath the load. When bunks or similar retaining devices are
used, no log shall be higher than the stanchions or retaining
members of the device.
(6) A draft of logs for hoisting aboard ship shall not vary in
length more than twenty percent.
(7) Audible alarms.
(a) All bidirectional machines, shall be equipped with a horn,
distinguishable from the surrounding noise level, which shall
be operated as needed when the machine is moving in either direction.
The horn shall be maintained in operable condition.
(b) Automatic back-up alarms shall be installed on bidirectional
equipment used to handle logs or containers and shall be maintained
in operable condition.
Barges and railcars shall not be moved by cargo runners (running
rigging) from vessel cargo booms, cranes or other equipment not
suitable for the purpose.
(1) Radio. When practical and safe, crane operators shall be
provided with a radio or telephone to be in contact with the signalman
or crane chaser in those cases where a signalman or crane chaser
is required.
(2) Interference. Cargo handling operations shall not be carried
on when noise-producing maintenance, construction or repair work
interferes with communication of warnings or instructions.
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