(1) Before cargo handling operations begin, the employer shall
ascertain whether any hazardous cargo is to be handled and shall
determine the nature of the hazard. The employer shall inform
employees of the nature of any hazard and any special precautions
to be taken to prevent employee exposure, and shall instruct employees
to notify the employer of any leaks or spills.
(2) All hazardous cargo shall be slung and secured so that neither
the draft nor individual packages can fall as a result of tipping
the draft or slackening of the supporting gear.
(3) If hazardous cargo is spilled or if its packaging leaks,
employees shall be removed from the affected area until the employer
has ascertained the specific hazards, provided any equipment,
clothing, ventilation and fire protection equipment necessary
to eliminate or protect against the hazard. Cleanup employees
shall be instructed as to the safe method of cleaning up and disposing
of the spill, and handling and disposing of leaking containers.
Actual cleanup or disposal work shall be conducted under the supervision
of a designated person.
(4) The Department of Transportation and the United States Coast
Guard impose requirements related to handling, storing and transportation
of hazardous cargo (see 33 CFR Part 126, 46 CFR, 49 CFR).
(1) All workers handling explosive or other hazardous material
which is properly labeled pursuant to the Washington State Labeling
Code, chapters 296-62 and 296-64 WAC, promulgated by the department
of labor and industries; or the Explosive Act, chapter 70.74 RCW
and chapter 296-52 WAC; or the Federal and Washington State Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Acts; the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, the Washington Pesticide Act, chapter 17.21 RCW;
the Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act; or the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Foreign Commerce regulations; or explosives
or other dangerous cargo which is reasonably known by the employers
to be mislabeled or to be lacking a required label, shall be thoroughly
informed by the employer of the explosive or hazardous nature
of the cargo.
(2) In all shipping operations including, but not limited to,
handling, storage, and preparation, compliance with the standards
of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the United States Coast
Guard, or the safety rules developed by the Institute of Makers
of Explosives shall be deemed proper and safe methods of operation.
(3) Handling of breakage. If breakage should occur while handling
explosives or other hazardous materials, the foreman shall order
the work in the immediate area to cease until the hazard has been
removed. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to use
a safe method of handling such breakage and placing it in a remote,
safe location.
(4) No smoking. All workers supervising or engaged in the handling,
hoisting, stowing of explosives, combustible oxidizing materials
or flammable materials shall smoke only in designated areas. No
person shall smoke within one hundred feet of any location where
such materials are handled or stored.
(5) Loading chute. In chuting packaged explosives, care must
be exercised to ensure that one package is taken from the mat
before starting another. Each package shall be completely removed
from the mat before another is placed on the chute.
(6) Specifications for chutes. In the loading of explosive merchandise
in package form where chutes are used, the chutes shall be constructed
only of wood. All fastenings shall be of wooden pins, dowelings,
or pegs. Metal fastenings may be used, provided they are countersunk.
(7) Mattress landing buffer. The bottoms of the chutes shall
be provided with a stuffed mattress not less than four inches
thick and of sufficient width and length to allow for safe landing
of packages.
(8) Drafts of hazardous or explosive cargo shall be so slung
and secured that neither the draft nor individual packages can
fall as a result of tipping the draft or slackening the supporting
gear.
(1) Purpose and scope. This section covers areas where a hazardous
atmosphere or substance may exist, except where one or more of
the following sections apply: WAC 296-56-60049 Hazardous cargo;
WAC 296-56-60051 Handling explosives or hazardous materials; WAC
296-56-60055 Carbon monoxide; WAC 296-56-60057 Fumigants, pesticides,
insecticides and hazardous preservatives; WAC 296-56-60107 Terminal
facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish; WAC
296-56-60235 Welding, cutting and heating (hot work); and WAC
296-56-60237 Spray painting.
(2) Determination of hazard.
(a) Whenever a room, building, vehicle, railcar or other space
contains or has contained a hazardous atmosphere, a designated
and appropriately equipped person shall test the atmosphere
before entry to determine whether a hazardous atmosphere exists.
(b) Records of results of any tests required by this section
shall be maintained for at least thirty days.
(3) Testing during ventilation. When mechanical ventilation is
used to maintain a safe atmosphere, tests shall be made by a designated
person to ensure that the atmosphere is not hazardous.
(4) Entry into hazardous atmospheres. Only designated persons
shall enter hazardous atmospheres. The following provisions shall
apply:
(a) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
shall be protected by respiratory and emergency protective equipment
meeting the requirements of chapter 296-842 WAC;
(b) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
shall be instructed in the nature of the hazard, precautions
to be taken, and the use of protective and emergency equipment.
Standby observers, similarly equipped and instructed, shall
continuously monitor the activity of employees within such space;
and
(c) Except for emergency or rescue operations, employees shall
not enter into any atmosphere which has been identified as flammable
or oxygen deficient (less than nineteen and one-half percent
oxygen). Persons who may be required to enter flammable or oxygen
deficient atmospheres in emergency operations shall be instructed
in the dangers attendant to those atmospheres and instructed
in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus, which shall
be utilized.
(d) To prevent inadvertent employee entry into spaces that
have been identified as having hazardous, flammable or oxygen
deficient atmospheres, appropriate warning signs or equivalent
means shall be posted at all means of access to those spaces.
(5) When the packaging of asbestos cargo leaks, spillage shall
be cleaned up by designated employees protected from the harmful
effects of asbestos as required by WAC 296-62-07517 and chapter
296-65 WAC.
(1) Exposure limits. The carbon monoxide content of the atmosphere
in a room, building, vehicle, railcar or any enclosed space shall
be maintained below fifty parts per million (0.005%) as an eight-hour
time-weighted average. Employees shall be removed from the enclosed
space if the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds one hundred
parts per million (0.01%).
(2) Testing. Tests to determine carbon monoxide concentration
shall be made whenever necessary to ensure that employee exposure
does not exceed the limits specified in subsection (1) of this
section.
(3) Instrumentation. Tests for carbon monoxide concentration
shall be made by designated persons using gas detector tube units
certified by NIOSH under 30 CFR Part 11 or other measuring instruments
whose accuracy is as great or greater.
(4) Records. A record of the date, time, location and result
of carbon monoxide tests shall be available for at least thirty
days.
WAC
296-56-60057 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides and hazardous
preservatives (see also WAC 296-56-60049, 296-56-60051 and WAC
296-62-60053.
(1) Whenever cargo in a space is or has been stowed, handled,
or treated with a fumigant, pesticide, insecticide, or hazardous
preservative, a determination shall be made as to whether a hazardous
atmosphere is present in the space. Only employees protected as
required in subsection (5) of this section shall enter the space
if it is hazardous.
(2) Tests to determine the atmospheric concentration of chemicals
used to treat cargo shall be:
(a) Appropriate for the hazard involved;
(b) Conducted by designated persons; and
(c) Performed at the intervals necessary to ensure that employee
exposure does not exceed the permissible exposure limit for
the chemical involved, see chapters 296-62 and 296-841 WAC.
(3) Results of any tests shall be available for at least thirty
days.
(4) Chemicals shall only be applied to cargoes by designated
persons.
(5) Only designated persons shall enter hazardous atmospheres.
Whenever a hazardous atmosphere is entered the following provisions
apply.
(a) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
shall be protected by respiratory and emergency protective equipment
meeting the requirements of part G of this standard; and
(b) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
shall be instructed in the nature of the hazard, precautions
to be taken, and the use of protective and emergency equipment.
Standby observers, similarly equipped and instructed, shall
continuously monitor the activity of employees within such a
space.
(6) Signs shall be clearly posted where fumigants, pesticides
or hazardous preservatives have created a hazardous atmosphere.
These signs shall note the danger, identify specific chemical
hazards, and give appropriate information and precautions, including
instructions for the emergency treatment of employees affected
by any chemical in use.
(7) In the case of containerized shipments of fumigated tobacco,
the contents of the container shall be aerated by opening the
container doors for a period of forty-eight hours after the completion
of fumigation and prior to loading. When tobacco is within shipping
cases having polyethylene or similar bag liners, the aeration
period shall be seventy-two hours. The employer shall obtain a
written warranty from the fumigation facility stating that the
appropriate aeration period has been met.
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