WAC
296-56-60103 Terminals handling intermodal containers or roll-on
roll-off operations.
(1) Every intermodal container shall be legibly and permanently
marked with:
(a) The weight of the container when empty, in pounds;
(b) The maximum cargo weight the container is designed to carry,
in pounds; and
(c) The sum of the maximum weight of the container with cargo,
in pounds (gross container capacity).
(2) No container shall be hoisted by any crane or derrick unless
the following conditions have been met:
(a) The employer shall ascertain from the carrier whether a
container to be hoisted is loaded or empty. Empty containers
shall be identified before loading or discharge in such a manner
as will inform every supervisor and foreman on the site and
in charge of loading or discharging, and every crane or other
hoisting equipment operator and signalman, if any, that the
container is empty. Methods of identification may include cargo
plans, manifests or markings on the container.
(b) In the case of a loaded container:
(i) The actual gross weight shall be plainly marked so as
to be visible to the crane operator, other hoisting equipment
operator, signalman, and to every supervisor and foreman on
the site and in charge of the operation; or
(ii) The cargo stowage plan or equivalent permanently recorded
display serving the same purpose, containing the actual gross
weight and the serial number or other positive identification
of that specific container, shall be provided to the crane
or other hoisting equipment operator and signalman, if any,
and to every supervisor and foreman on the site and in charge
of the operation.
(c) Every outbound loaded container which is received at a
marine terminal ready to load aboard a vessel without further
consolidation or loading shall be weighed to obtain the actual
gross weight before being hoisted.
(d) (i) When container weighing scales are located at a marine
terminal, any outbound container with a load consolidated
at that terminal shall be weighed to obtain an actual weight
before being hoisted.
(ii) If the terminal has no scales, the actual gross weight
may be calculated on the basis of the container's contents
and the container's empty weight. The weights used in the
calculation shall be posted conspicuously on the container,
with the name of the person making the calculation and the
date.
(iii) Container weights shall be subject to random sample
weight checks at the nearest weighing facility. In cases where
such weight checks or experience otherwise indicate consistently
inaccurate weights, the weight of containers so calculated
at the source from which the inaccurate weights originated
shall no longer be recognized as true gross weights. Such
containers shall not be hoisted unless actual gross weights
have been obtained by weighing.
(e) The following containers are exempted from the requirements
of (c) and (d) of this subsection:
(i) Open type vehicle containers.
(ii) The container is marked on the outside in such a manner
that an employee can readily discern that the container is
carrying vehicles.
(iii) Containers built specifically for the carriage of compressed
gases.
(iv) The container carries only completely assembled vehicles
and no other cargo.
(v) The vehicles are loaded into the container at the marine
terminal.
(f) The weight of loaded inbound containers from foreign ports
shall be determined by weighing or by the method of calculation
described in (d)(ii) of this subsection or by shipping documents.
(g) Any scale used within Washington state to weigh containers
for the purpose of the requirements of this section shall meet
the accuracy standards of the state or local public authority
in which the scale is located.
(3) No container shall be hoisted if its actual gross weight
exceeds the weight marked as required in subsection (1)(c) of
this section, or if it exceeds the capacity of the crane or other
hoisting device intended to be used.
(4) (a) Marked or designated areas shall be set aside within
a container or roll-on roll-off terminal for passage of employees
to and from active cargo transfer points, except where transportation
to and from those points is provided by the employer.
(b) The employer shall direct employees to stay clear of the
area beneath a suspended container. Employees shall stay clear
of the area beneath a suspended container.
(5) Each employee working in the immediate area of container
handling equipment or in the terminal's traffic lanes shall wear
a high visibility vest (or equivalent protection).
Note to Subsection (5): High visibility
vests or equivalent protection means high visibility/retro-reflective
materials which are intended to provide conspicuity of the user
by day through the use of high visibility (fluorescent) material
and in the dark by vehicle headlights through the use of retro-reflective
material. The minimum area of material for a vest or equivalent
protection is .5m(2) (760 in. (2)) for fluorescent (background)
material and .13m(2) (197 in. (2)) for retro-reflective material.
Vests or equivalent protection, such as high visibility/retro-reflective
coveralls, that are available for industrial use, may also be
acceptable.
(6) Containers shall be handled using lifting fittings or other
arrangements suitable and intended for the purposes as set forth
in (a) and (c) of this subsection, unless when damage to an intermodal
container makes special means of handling necessary.
(a) Loaded intermodal containers of twenty feet (6.1 m) or
more in length shall be hoisted as follows:
(i) When hoisting by the top fittings, the lifting forces
shall be applied vertically from at least four top fittings
or by means which will safely lift the container without damage.
The lifting fittings provided shall be used.
(A) The container being lifted is an ISO closed box container;
(B) The condition of the box is sound;
(C) The speed of hoisting and lowering is moderated when
heavily ladened containers are encountered;
(D) The lift angle is at eighty to ninety degrees;
(E) The distance between the lifting beam and the load
is at least eight feet and 2.4 inches (2.5m); and
(F) The length of the spreader beam is at least 16.3 feet
(5m) for a twenty-foot container, and at least 36.4 feet
(11.1 m) for a forty-foot container.
(ii) If hoisted from bottom fittings, the hoisting connections
shall bear on the fittings only, making no other contact with
the container. The angles of the four bridle legs shall not
be less than thirty degrees to the horizontal in the case
of forty foot (12.2 m) containers, thirty-seven degrees in
the case of thirty foot (9.1 m) containers, or forty-five
degrees in the case of twenty foot (6.1 m) containers.
(iii) Lifting containers by fork lift trucks or by grappling
arms from above or from one side may be done only if the container
is designed for this type of handling.
(b) Other means of hoisting may be used only if the containers
and hoisting means are designed for such use.
(c) (i) When using intermodal container spreaders that employ
lanyards for activation of load-disengagement, all possible
precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental release of
the load.
(ii) Intermodal container spreader twist lock systems shall
be designed and used so that a suspended load cannot accidentally
be released.
(d) Flat bed trucks or container chassis used to move intermodal
containers shall be equipped with pins, flanges, or other means
to prevent the container from shifting.
(e) Flat bed, low boy trailers, (mafis) and other similar equipment
used to transport containers shall be marked with their cargo
capacities and shall not be overloaded.
(f) Each tractor shall have all brake air lines connected when
pulling trailers equipped with air brakes and shall have the
brakes tested before commencing operations.
(7) (a) Intermodal containers shall be inspected for defects
in structural members or fittings before handling.
(b) Any intermodal container found to be unsafe shall be
identified as such, promptly removed from service and repaired
before being returned to service.
(8) Containers shall not be hoisted unless all engaged chassis
twist locks are released.
(9) Vertical tandem lifts. The following requirements apply to
operations involving the lifting of two or more intermodal containers
by the top container (vertical tandem lifts of VTLs).
(a) Each employee involved in VTL operations shall be trained
and competent in the safety-related work practices, safety procedures,
and other requirements in this section that pertain to their
respective job assignments.
(b) No more than two intermodal containers may be lifted in
a VTL.
(c) Before the lift begins, the employer shall ensure that
the two containers lifted as part of a VTL are empty.
Note: The lift begins immediately following the end of the prelift
required by subsection (9)(c) of this section. Thus, the weight
may be determined during the prelift using a load indicating device
meeting WAC 296-56-60085 (1)(a) on the crane being used to the
lift the VTL.
(d) The lift shall be performed using either a shore-based
container gantry crane or another type of crane that:
(i) Has the precision control necessary to restrain unintended
rotation of the containers about any axis;
(ii) Is capable of handling the load volume and wind sail
potential of VTLs; and
(iii) Is specifically designed to handle containers.
(e) The employer shall ensure that the crane operator pauses
the lift when the vertically coupled containers have just been
lifted above the supporting surface to assure that each interbox
connector is properly engaged.
(f) Containers below deck may not be handled as a VTL.
(g) VTL operations may not be conducted when the wind speed
exceeds the lesser of:
(i) Fifty-five km/h (thirty-four mph or thirty knots); or
(ii) The crane manufacturer's recommendation for maximum
wind speed.
(h) The employer shall ensure that each interbox connector
used in a VTL operation:
(i) Automatically locks into corner castings on containers
but only unlocks manually (manual twistlocks or latchlocks
are not permitted);
(ii) Is designed to indicate whether it is locked or unlocked
when fitted into a corner casting;
(iii) Locks and releases in an identical direction and manner
as all other interbox connectors in the VTL;
(iv) Has been tested and certificated by a competent authority
of this chapter (for interbox connectors that are a part of
a vessel's gear) or WAC 296-56-60093 (for other interbox connectors):
(A) As having a load-bearing surface area of eight hundred
mm\two\ when connected to a corner casting with an opening
that is sixty-five mm wide; and
(B) As having a safe working load of ninety-eight kN (ten
thousand kg) with a safety factor of five when the load
is applied by means of two corner castings with openings
that are sixty-five mm wide or equivalent devices;
(v) Has a certificate that is available for inspection and
that attests that the interbox connector meets the strength
criteria given in subsection (9)(h)(iv) of this section; and
(vi) Is clearly and durably marked with its safe working
load for lifting and an identifying number or mark that will
enable it to be associated with its test certificate.
(i) Reserved.
(j) The employer shall ensure that each container and interbox
connector used in a VTL and each comer casting to which a connector
will be coupled is inspected immediately before use in the VTL.
(i) Each employee performing the inspection shall be capable
of detecting defects or weaknesses and be able to assess their
importance in relation to the safety of VTL operations.
(ii) The inspection of each interbox connector shall include:
A visual examination for obvious structural defects, such
as cracks, a check of its physical operation to determine
that the lock is fully functional with adequate spring tension
on each head; and a check for excessive corrosion and deterioration.
(iii) The inspection of each container and each of its corner
castings shall include: A visual examination for obvious structural
defects, such as cracks, a check for excessive corrosion and
deterioration; and a visual examination to ensure that the
opening to which an interbox connector will be connected has
not been enlarged, that the welds are in good condition, and
that it is free from ice, mud, or other debris.
(iv) The employer shall establish a system to ensure that
each defective or damaged interbox connector is removed from
service.
(v) An interbox connector that has been found to be defective
or damaged shall be removed from service and may not be used
in VTL operations until repaired.
(vi) A container with a corner casting that exhibits any
of the problems listed in subsection (9)(j)(iii) of this section
may not be lifted in a VTL.
(k) No platform container may be lifted as part of a VTL unit.
(10) Transporting vertically coupled containers.
(a) Equipment other than cranes used to transport vertically
connected containers shall be either specifically designed for
this application or evaluated by a qualified engineer and determined
to be capable of operating safely in this mode of operation.
(b) The employer shall develop, implement, and maintain a
written plan for transporting vertically connected containers.
The written plan shall establish procedures to ensure safe operating
and turning speeds and shall address all conditions in the terminal
that could affect the safety of VTL-related operations, including
communication and coordination among all employees involved
in these operations.
(11) Safe work zone. The employer shall establish a safe work
zone within which employees may not be present when vertically
connected containers are in motion.
(a) The safe work zone shall be sufficient to protect employees
in the event that a container drops or overturns.
(b) The written transport plan required by subsection (10)(b)
of this section shall include the safe work zone and procedures
to ensure that employees are not in this zone when a VTL is
in motion.
WAC
296-56-60107 Terminal facilities handling menhaden and similar
species of fish.
(1) (a) Tanks in terminal areas used for receiving or storing
bail water for recirculating into vessel holds in discharging
operations shall be opened or ventilated to minimize contamination
of water circulated to the vessel. Bail water tanks shall be
thoroughly drained upon completion of each day's operations
and shall be left open to the air. Drainage is unnecessary when
bail water has been treated to remove hydrogen sulfide-producing
contaminants and the efficiency of such treatment has been established.
(b) Before employees enter a dock tank, it shall first be drained,
rinsed and tested for hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency.
Employees shall not enter the tank when the hydrogen sulfide
level exceeds twenty ppm or oxygen content is less than nineteen
and one-half percent, except in emergencies.
(c) Tests shall be conducted by designated personnel with suitable
test equipment and respiratory protective equipment complying
with the provisions of this chapter and chapter 296-842 WAC.
(2) Pipelines and hoses on the dock or terminal used for receiving
and circulating used bail water shall be completely drained upon
completion of each day's operation and left open to the air.
(3) At least four units of respiratory protective equipment consisting
of supplied-air respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus
complying with the requirements of chapter 296-842 WAC shall be
available in a suitably labeled cabinet for immediate use in case
of an emergency caused by oxygen deficiency or hydrogen sulfide.
Any employee entering a tank in an emergency shall, in addition
to respiratory protective equipment, wear a lifeline and safety
harness to facilitate rescue. At least two other employees, similarly
equipped, shall be continuously stationed outside the tank to
observe and to provide rescue services.
(4) The plant superintendent and foremen shall be trained and
knowledgeable about the hazards of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen
deficiency. They shall be trained in the use of appropriate respiratory
and other protective equipment, and in rescue procedures. Other
supervisory plant personnel shall be informed of these hazards
and instructed in the necessary safety measures, including use
of respiratory and rescue equipment.
(5) Supervisory personnel shall be on hand at dockside to supervise
discharging of bail water from vessels.
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